A model for analysing the challenges and opportunities in co-production

This interactive workshop will analyse the challenges and opportunities of working collaboratively with ‘students as co-producers’. The presenters’ draw on their experience of extensive collaboration with students on different projects in the School of Health and Social Care, to introduce a theoretical model that explores co-production. In particular, the model seeks to facilitate reflection, discussion and understanding about who ‘drives’, or controls, the co-production of knowledge in such partnerships, given the apparent differences in power and status between students and academics. Inherent within this analysis is an examination of the nature of key relationships within co-production including reference to ‘apprenticeship’ and ‘partnership’ models of knowledge production. A fifteen minute presentation will introduce key concepts relating to co-production and will present a theoretical model for analysis. Participants will be given approximately thirty minutes to discuss and test the model and to relate it their own experiences and plans for working with students as producers. It is envisaged that this collaborative, interactive approach will produce further knowledge and insights leading to refinement of the model. A fifteen minute plenary and conclusion will assist participants to reflect further on the challenges and opportunities of co-production. From this workshop participants will gain an enhanced understanding of working with students’ as co-producers of knowledge and will analyse some of the core issues that impact on co-production. Additionally, they will be introduced to an evolving theoretical model which explores some of the contradictions inherent within co-production and invited to contribute to the debate

Higher Education as a public good: pushing forward, pushing boundaries

This paper reports on a project which has embedded Open Educational Resources (OER) into the teaching and learning of students who are undertaking professional degrees in social work and nursing. It raises profound questions regarding the role and purpose of Higher Education by asking to whom does knowledge belong and who is permitted and able to produce knowledge in Higher Education? Historically professional training has been configured, led and taught by the professions themselves with little input from those outside. This paper will argue that a more democratic production and dissemination of knowledge is imperative in the changing context of Higher Education. The presentation will incorporate examples of OER developed by a range of non-traditional educators, such as students, practice assessors and service users/patients, and will explain how these are being used in learning and teaching to provide an inclusive, rich, diverse and varied learning environment

A scoping review to establish the relationship of community to the lives of looked after children and young people

Friendship networks and relationships with communities are important parts of the lives of looked after children and young people (LACYP). Much of legislation, policy, practice and research focuses on „the care experience‟ itself, as distinct from young people‟s everyday lives and their connectivity with wider environments. Considerable lack of understanding remains about what being „in care‟ means. This often results in prejudice and stigma. Groups set up specifically for LACYP offer opportunities to develop networks and relationships with adults and young people, and to raise awarenesses. Transitions may happen early and be experienced frequently by LACYP, however, they can offer new opportunities and positive relationships with different people. Meaningful participation in communities such as schools is an important factor in developing stability in relationships. Concepts of participation and empowerment form part of an ecological framework which locates the community context as central to building resilience for LACYP. What constitutes community cohesion and connectedness for LACYP requires a fine balance between the interests of protection and participation. Successful interconnectedness is a matter of shared concern for all. The key challenge remains that of identifying how stable community relationships for LACYP may be strengthened and supported to dynamic mutual benefit. These documents are outputs from the same project: 1) an end of project discussion paper; 2) an extended version of the discussion paper; and 3) four short guides for practice and polic

Students as mentors: changing the next generation

This presentation was included within a workshop on Experiencing Technologies for Learning: Social Work Educators and Students. This presentation outlines research funded by the HEA Social Policy and Social Work subject centre. The project explored the benefits of extra curricular activities (in this case student mentoring roles with young people) using web 2 technologies to collect data alongside more traditional research methods

Relationships of Sociodemographic Characteristics with Glycemic Control and Dietary Adherence in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes

Background: Previous studies supported that sociodemographic characteristics are significantly associated with dietary adherence and glycemic control in adults with T2D. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends that individually designed nutritional plans consider the sociodemographic characteristics of the patients. Few studies were conducted to examine the impact of sociodemographic characteristics on adherence to the ADA dietary guidelines and A1C in adults with T2D. Aim: The study aimed to examine the relationships of sociodemographic characteristics with adherence to ADA dietary guidelines and glycated hemoglobin (A1C) in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: A cross-sectional study used data for 1,401 adults that were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2007 and 2012. Results: A large percentage of the sample was non-Hispanic White and female. Sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, and income were significantly related to A1C. Race/ethnicity and marital status were significantly related to adherence to ADA dietary guidelines. Single participants were at greater odds of being non-adherent compared to married participants. Furthermore, non-Hispanic Whites had much lower odds of non-adherence to ADA dietary guidelines compared to Hispanics. Conclusion: Individualizing patients’ nutritional plans based on sociodemographic characteristics is crucial for improving glycemic control and health outcomes in patients with T2D

Sea lice on wild juvenile Pacific salmon and farmed Atlantic salmon in the northernmost salmon farming region of British Columbia

The Kitasoo/Xai'xais First Nation established a program to monitor sea lice levels on seaward migrating wild juvenile salmon in their traditional territory which contains the most northerly salmon farming region of British Columbia. A total of 12 locations were routinely sampled during the period between 2005 and 2008 to gain a better understanding of the levels and patterns of sea lice infestation on wild salmonids in the region. Over 5000 juvenile salmon were collected and examined for sea lice. Around 78% were identified as pink salmon, 18% were chum salmon and the remainder classified as 'other' salmon (coho and sockeye salmon). Two species of sea lice were observed: Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Caligus clemensi. Over 91% of all the juvenile salmon examined had no sea lice and there was no significant difference in L. salmonis prevalence levels among salmon species. However, chum salmon had significantly lower C. clemensi prevalence levels than either pink or 'other' salmon. There were significant annual and regional differences in L. salmonis prevalence on juvenile pink salmon; the lowest prevalence in all sampling zones occurring in 2008, while channels containing salmon farms consistently had higher levels than those without salmon farms. Mean prevalence of L. salmonis in the channels with salmon farms ranged from 2% to 9% which is lower than levels published for the same region in different years or for other areas without salmon farms. C. clemensi prevalence on wild pink salmon was associated with sampling zone and the size of pink salmon; larger juvenile fish were more likely to be infected than smaller fish. During the period of wild juvenile salmon migration, the mean abundance of motile stages of L. salmonis on farmed salmon ranged from 0.13 to 0.79 lice per fish but there were no significant differences among years. In comparison, C. clemensi abundance levels on farms were significantly higher in 2005. Factors contributing to variations in these observations are discussed

The impact of medication side effects on adherence and persistence to hormone therapy in breast cancer survivors: A qualitative systematic review and thematic synthesis

BackgroundHormone Therapy (HT) reduces the risk of breast cancer recurrence and mortality in women with breast cancer. Despite these clinical benefits, rates of HT non-adherence and non-persistence are high. Research suggests this may be due to the impact of HT side effects. However, little research has explored the individual contribution of side effects to non-adherence and non-persistence behaviours, thereby hindering the implementation of targeted intervention strategies. Our aim is to review the published literature on breast cancer survivors’ lived experiences of HT side effects and explore how these may be related to non-adherence and non-persistence behaviour.MethodsElectronic searches were conducted from inception to May 2020, utilising Cochrane CENTRAL, Medline, Embase, Web of Science and PsycINFO databases. Searches included a combination of terms related to breast cancer, adherence, hormone therapy and side effects.ResultsSixteen eligible papers were identified, and study quality was high. Data were thematically synthesised into four analytical themes, which encompassed 13 descriptive sub-themes: ‘Daily impact of side-effects’, ‘Role of Health Care Professionals’, ‘Managing HT side-effects’, and ‘Weighing up the pros and cons’.ConclusionsHT side effects significantly impact breast cancer survivor's quality of life. A lack of support from healthcare providers leads to self-management strategies, which negatively affects adherence and persistence behaviour

The impact of medication side effects on adherence and persistence to hormone therapy in breast cancer survivors: A qualitative systematic review and thematic synthesis

BackgroundHormone Therapy (HT) reduces the risk of breast cancer recurrence and mortality in women with breast cancer. Despite these clinical benefits, rates of HT non-adherence and non-persistence are high. Research suggests this may be due to the impact of HT side effects. However, little research has explored the individual contribution of side effects to non-adherence and non-persistence behaviours, thereby hindering the implementation of targeted intervention strategies. Our aim is to review the published literature on breast cancer survivors’ lived experiences of HT side effects and explore how these may be related to non-adherence and non-persistence behaviour.MethodsElectronic searches were conducted from inception to May 2020, utilising Cochrane CENTRAL, Medline, Embase, Web of Science and PsycINFO databases. Searches included a combination of terms related to breast cancer, adherence, hormone therapy and side effects.ResultsSixteen eligible papers were identified, and study quality was high. Data were thematically synthesised into four analytical themes, which encompassed 13 descriptive sub-themes: ‘Daily impact of side-effects’, ‘Role of Health Care Professionals’, ‘Managing HT side-effects’, and ‘Weighing up the pros and cons’.ConclusionsHT side effects significantly impact breast cancer survivor's quality of life. A lack of support from healthcare providers leads to self-management strategies, which negatively affects adherence and persistence behaviour

Periodicities in the high-mass X-ray binary system RXJ0146.9+6121/LSI+61 235

The high-mass X-ray binary RX J0146.9+6121, with optical counterpart LS I+61°235 (V831 Cas), is an intriguing system on the outskirts of the open cluster NGC 663. It contains the slowest Be type X-ray pulsar known with a pulse period of around 1400 s and, primarily from the study of variation in the emission line profile of Hα, it is known to have a Be decretion disc with a one-armed density wave period of approximately 1240 d. Here we present the results of an extensive photometric campaign, supplemented with optical spectroscopy, aimed at measuring short time-scale periodicities. We find three significant periodicities in the photometric data at, in order of statistical significance, 0.34, 0.67 and 0.10 d. We give arguments to support the interpretation that the 0.34 and 0.10 d periods could be due to stellar oscillations of the B-type primary star and that the 0.67 d period is the spin period of the Be star with a spin axis inclination of 23+10−8 degrees. We measured a systemic velocity of −37.0 ± 4.3 km s−1 confirming that LS I+61°235 has a high probability of membership in the young cluster NGC 663 from which the system's age can be estimated as 20–25 Myr. From archival RXTE All Sky Monitor (ASM) data we further find ‘super’ X-ray outbursts roughly every 450 d. If these super outbursts are caused by the alignment of the compact star with the one-armed decretion disc enhancement, then the orbital period is approximately 330 d

Teaching Medical Students to Help Patients Manage Their Weight: Outcomes of an Eight-School Randomized Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND: Given the rising rates of obesity there is a pressing need for medical schools to better prepare students for intervening with patients who have overweight or obesity and for prevention efforts. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of a multi-modal weight management curriculum on counseling skills for health behavior change. DESIGN: A pair-matched, group-randomized controlled trial (2015-2020) included students enrolled in eight U.S. medical schools randomized to receive either multi-modal weight management education (MME) or traditional weight management education (TE). SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: Students from the class of 2020 (N=1305) were asked to participate in an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) focused on weight management counseling and complete pre and post surveys. A total of 70.1% of eligible students (N=915) completed the OSCE and 69.3% (N=904) completed both surveys. INTERVENTIONS: The MME implemented over three years included a web-based course, a role-play classroom exercise, a web-patient encounter with feedback, and an enhanced clerkship experience with preceptors trained in weight management counseling (WMC). Counseling focused on the 5As (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange) and patient-centeredness. MEASUREMENTS: The outcome was student 5As WMC skills assessed using an objective measure, an OSCE, scored using a behavior checklist, and a subjective measure, student self-reported skills for performing the 5As. RESULTS: Among MME students who completed two of three WMC components compared to those who completed none, exposure was significantly associated with higher OSCE scores and self-reported 5A skills. LIMITATIONS: Variability in medical schools requiring participation in the WMC curriculum. CONCLUSIONS: This trial revealed that medical students struggle with delivering weight management counseling to their patients who have overweight or obesity. Medical schools, though restrained in adding curricula, should incorporate should incorporate multiple WMC curricula components early in medical student education to provide knowledge and build confidence for supporting patients in developing individualized plans for weight management. NIH TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER: R01-194787